Government – The political system by which a country or community is administered and regulated are called government.
State government – A unit of government that specifically makes and enforces laws for a state are called state government.
Central government – The government that helps absolute supremacy over a unitary state are called central government.
Works of Government –
Our Government works at three levels – Local, State and National
The government that works at the local level is called the local government.
The government that works at the state level is called the state government.
The government that works at the national level is called the national government.
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Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) – Those representative elected by the voters of an electoral district (constituency) to the legislature of the state government are called MLAs.
MLAs are elected by the people.
They represent people.
Each state in India has a legislative assembly.
Each state is divided into different areas called constituencies.
From each constituency the people elect one representative who then becomes an MLA.
These MLAs belong to different parties.
A political party who MLAs have wins more than half the number of constituencies is called a majority.
The political party that has majority is called the ruling party.
All other parties except ruling party are called the opposition.
Forming the cabinet
The chief minister is elected by the MLAs of the ruling party.
The chief minister then selects other people as ministers.
The Governor of the state appoints the chief ministers and other ministers after the elections.
The chief ministers and other ministers have the responsibility of running various government departments or ministries.
They have separate offices.
Some MLAs have dual responsibilities: as an MLA and also as a minister.
Legislative Assembly
It is a place where all the MLAs, whether from the ruling party or from the opposition meet to discuss various things.
During a discussion in the Legislative Assembly, the MLAs can express their views on any current problems, ask questions and give suggestions.
The problems might be regarding the condition of roads, hospitals or any other matter affecting the lives of the people.
Those who wish to can respond to this.
The minister then replies and gives an assurance to the Assembly that the concerns will be addressed.
The chief minister and other ministers take decision to run the government.
However, whatever decision is taken have to be approved by the other members.
This is the essence of democracy: where the members have a right to ask questions and debate on topics.
Chief Minister – An elected or appointed head of state government is called chief minister.
Legislature: All the MLAs who gather together (assemble) in the Legislative Assembly are called the Legislature. They are the ones who authorize and supervise their work.
Executive: The overall head of the government is called the Executive.
Working of the government:
The Legislative Assembly is not the only place where the work of the government is analyzed and questions raised.
All newspapers and media widely discuss current issues and the government has to respond for example, by holding press conferences.
The people in power like the chief minister have to take steps for solving problems of drinking water, sanitation, road condition etc.
They do so through various departments like Public Works Department, Health Department, Agriculture Department, and Education Department and so on.
The government can also decide to make new laws for the state for example regarding sanitation and health facilities.
For instance, it may make it compulsory for the municipal corporation to ensure that there are adequate toilets in each area.
The act of making new laws is made in the legislative assembly of each state.
The implementation of these laws is done by the various government departments.
Laws for the entire country are made in the Parliament.
Keywords:
Constituency: A particular area from where all the voters living there choose their representatives is called constituency.
Majority: A situation where more than half the members of a group support a decision or idea is called a majority. It is also called simple majority.
Opposition: The elected representatives who are not members of the ruling party and who play the role of questioning the government decisions and actions as well as raise new issues for consideration in the Assembly is called opposition.
Press Conference: A gathering of journalists from the media who are invited to hear about and ask questions on a particular issue and are then expected to report on this to the larger public is called press conference.
