CBSE Class 6 Mathematics – 5. Fractions (Notes)

Revision Notes on Fractions

Learning Goal

1. Fractions (a part of whole)
2. Part of fraction (Numerator and Denominator)
3. Type of fractions (Proper, Improper, Mix, Like, Unlike, Unit, Equivalent)
4. Fractions on number line
5. Comparison /Compare of Fraction (Ascending & Descending)
6. Operation of fraction (BODMAS)
7. Simplest form of fraction
8. Writing equivalent fraction
9. Operation of fraction on number line (DMAS)
10. Words problem of fraction

Fraction

A Fraction is a part of whole.

The ‘whole’ here could be an object or the group of objects.

But all the parts of the whole must be equal.

1. The first one is the whole i.e. a complete circle.
2. In the second circle, if we divide the circle into two equal parts then the shaded portion is the half i.e. ½ of the circle.
3. In the third circle, if we divide the circle into four equal parts and shade only one part then the shaded part is the one fourth i.e. ¼ of the whole circle.
4. In the fourth circle, if we divide the circle into four equal parts and shade three parts then the shaded part is the three fourth i.e. ¾ of the whole circle.

Part of fraction (Numerator and Denominator)

The upper part of the fraction is called Numerator. It tells the number of parts we have.

The lower part of the fraction is called Denominator. It tells the total parts in a whole.

It reads as “three-fifths”.

Representation of fraction on Number line

Example

Solution

Draw a number line.

We know that ½ is less than 1 and greater than 0, so we have to divide the gap between two equal parts and then mark the middle point as ½.

As the denominator is the whole and the numerator is the part, so we have to divide the gap between 0 and 1 in the number of parts as the denominator is given.

For 1/3, divide into 3 equal parts.

For ¼, divide into 4 equal parts and so on.

Proper Fractions

A Fraction whose numerator is less than the denominator is called proper fraction.

Proper fraction always lies between 0 and 1 on the number line.

Examples

Improper fractions

A Fraction whose numerator is greater than the denominator is called Improper fraction.

Ex-

The above fraction is made by adding one whole part and one-fourth part.

Mixed fractions

The fraction made by the combination of whole and a part is called Mixed fraction.

Convert Mixed fraction into Improper fraction

A mixed fraction is in the form of 

We can convert it in the form of an improper fraction by

Example

Solution

Equivalent Fractions

Those fractions whose value are same are called Equivalent fractions.

All the above images are different but equivalent fractions as they represent the same i.e. half part of a whole circle.

Finding equivalent fractions

1. Multiplying the same number

To find equivalent fractions multiply the numerator and denominator with the same number.

Example

Find three equivalent fractions of ½.

Solution

2. Dividing the same number

To find equivalent fractions divide the numerator and denominator with the same number.

Example

Find the equivalent fraction of 18/27 with denominator 9.

Solution

To get the denominator 9 we need to divide it by 3.

So to find the equivalent fraction we need to divide the fraction by 3.

Hence the equivalent fraction with denominator 9 is 6/9.

The simplest or lowest form of a Fraction

If the numerator and denominator do not have any other common factor than 1 then it is said to be the simplest or lowest form of that fraction.

Example–

To find the equivalent fraction which is the simplest form we have to find the HCF of numerator and denominator and then divide them both by that HCF.

Example

Reduce the fraction 18/27 in the simplest form.

Solution

HCF of 18 and 27 is 9.

Hence,

2/3 is the lowest form of 18/27.

Like Fractions and Unlike Fractions

Those Fractions which have same denominators are called Like fractions.

Example

Those Fractions which have different denominators are called unlike fractions.

Example

Unit Fractions

Those Fractions whose nominators is one are called unit fractions.

Example

Comparing fractions

1. Comparing like fractions

In Like fractions greater numerator is greater.

2. Comparing unlike fractions

Case -1 Unlike fraction with the same numerator

In these fractions smaller denominator is greater.

Example

Case-2 Unlike fraction with different numerators

Convert them in like fractions by finding LCM of the denominator.

Example

Compare 6/7 and 3/5.

Solution

The LCM of 7 and 5 is 35.

So we will find the equivalent fraction of both the fractions with the denominator 35.

Now we can compare them as like fractions.

3. Comparing mix fractions

In mix fractions if whole part is greater than fraction is greater.

But sometimes it is not easy to compare it so easily. So we need some accurate procedure.

Addition and Subtraction of Fractions

1. Adding like fractions

In case of like fractions, the denominator is same so we can add them easily.

Steps to add like fractions-

1. Add the numerators.
2. Leave the common denominator same. (Don’t add the denominator).
3. Write the answer as

Example

Solution

2. Subtracting like fractions

Steps to subtract the like fractions-

1. Subtract the small numerator from the bigger one.
2. Leave the common denominator same.
3. Write the answer as

Example

Solution

3. Adding unlike fraction

If we have to add the unlike fractions, first we have to find the equivalent fraction of the given fractions with the same denominator then add them.

Steps to add unlike fractions-

1. Take the LCM of the denominator of the given fractions.
2. Find the equivalent fractions of both fractions with LCM as the denominator.
3. Add them as the like fractions.

Example

Solution

Take the LCM of 5 and 8, which is 40.

4. Subtracting unlike fractions

Steps to subtract unlike fractions-

1. Take the LCM of the denominator of the given fractions.
2. Find the equivalent fractions of both fractions with LCM as the denominator.
3. Subtract them as the like fractions.

Example

Solution

LCM of 4 and 5 is 20.

Remark: To add or subtract the mixed fractions, simply convert them in the improper fraction then add and subtract them directly